What is a Concussion?
A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a blow to the head or body that leads to the brain moving rapidly back and forth within the skull. This sudden movement can cause chemical changes in the brain and damage brain cells.
Common symptoms of a concussion may include:
- Headache
- Confusion or feeling "foggy"
- Dizziness or balance issues
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sensitivity to light or noise
- Difficulty concentrating
- Memory problems
- Fatigue
Diagnosis typically involves:
- A thorough medical history and symptom review
- Physical and neurological exams
- Cognitive assessments to evaluate memory, attention, and problem-solving skills
- Imaging tests (like CT or MRI) may be used in more severe cases to rule out other injuries.
Treatment for a concussion often includes:
- Physical and cognitive rest
- Gradual return to normal activities as symptoms improve
- Monitoring for worsening symptoms
- In some cases, medication for pain relief or to manage symptoms
Preventive measures include:
- Wearing helmets and protective gear during sports and activities
- Following safety guidelines in sports
- Educating individuals about the risks and signs of concussion
When to Seek Medical Attention
Immediate medical attention is necessary if symptoms worsen or if there are signs of a severe brain injury, such as:
- Persistent vomiting
- Severe headache
- Weakness or numbness in limbs
- Difficulty waking up or staying awake